Chemical eye injury (chemical splash in the eye)

Why it is an emergency

Chemicals can rapidly burn the surface of the eye and penetrate deeper tissues. Alkali substances are often more damaging than acids because they continue to burn. Every minute counts, and flushing before transport is critical.

What to do immediately

Start flushing at once, even before calling for help.

• Flush with clean running water or saline for at least 15 to 20 minutes
• Hold the eyelids open and roll the eye so fluid washes all surfaces
• Remove contact lenses if they come out easily during flushing
• Go to emergency eye care immediately after flushing

Common causes

Household bleach, cleaning products, plaster or cement dust, battery fluid, industrial chemicals, and some garden products are frequent causes at home and work. Wear eye protection when handling chemicals.

Hospital treatment

Hospital staff continue flushing, check the pH of the eye surface, and give treatment to reduce inflammation and infection risk. Severe burns may need surgery. Never use vinegar or neutralising agents at home unless directed by emergency services.