Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements)

What it is

Nystagmus is involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes, usually from side to side but sometimes up and down or in circles. Because the eyes cannot hold steady, it can reduce how clearly and steadily a person sees.

Common symptoms

Effects vary widely between people.

• Eyes that wobble or move on their own
• Reduced or blurred vision
• A head turn or tilt to find the steadiest 'null point'
• In acquired cases, a sense that the world is moving (oscillopsia)

Causes and types

Early-onset (infantile) nystagmus appears in the first months of life and may occur on its own or with other eye conditions. Acquired nystagmus develops later and can be linked to neurological conditions, certain medicines, or inner-ear problems, so it always needs assessment.

Management

There is no simple cure for most nystagmus, but vision can be supported with the correct glasses, low-vision aids, and good lighting. Treating any underlying cause is important, and in selected cases surgery or medication can reduce the movement or improve a head posture.