Condition
Ocular melanoma (eye cancer)
Medical reviewer Mr Mohamed Mohyudin· Last recorded site review
About this review
This page inherits the site’s previous review record. A separate, current article sign-off has not yet been recorded.
What it is
Ocular melanoma is the most common primary eye cancer in adults, though it is still rare. It develops in melanocytes, the pigment cells of the eye, rather than spreading from skin melanoma, though the two can be related genetically.
Possible symptoms
Many cases are found during routine eye tests before symptoms appear.
- Blurred vision or a dark spot in vision
- A visible dark patch on the iris or white of the eye
- Flashing lights or floaters
- Sometimes no symptoms at all
Detection
Eye specialists examine the inside of the eye and may use ultrasound or imaging to assess suspicious lesions. A pigmented freckle (nevus) in the eye is usually harmless but may be monitored for change.
Treatment and outlook
Treatment depends on size and location and may include plaque radiotherapy, proton beam therapy, laser, or in some cases removal of the eye to protect life. Early diagnosis and specialist care improve the chance of preserving vision and health.
Frequently asked questions
Is ocular melanoma the same as skin melanoma?
No. Ocular melanoma starts in the eye's pigment cells. It is a separate rare cancer, though some genetic risks may overlap with skin melanoma.
What are the signs of eye cancer?
Signs can include blurred vision, a dark spot in vision, or a visible lesion on the eye, but many cases have no early symptoms and are found at routine eye examinations.
How is ocular melanoma treated?
Treatment is specialist-led and may include radiation, laser, or surgery. The aim is to control the cancer while preserving vision when safely possible.
Sources for this information
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