Condition library

Children's and newborn eye conditions

Conditions that especially affect babies, children and young people, including screening and emergency warning signs.

Medical reviewer Mr Mohamed Mohyudin· Last recorded site review

About this review

This page inherits the site’s previous review record. A separate, current article sign-off has not yet been recorded.

How review works · Official biography & credentials

Amblyopia (lazy eye)Reduced vision in one eye that did not develop normally in childhood; most treatable when caught early.Squint (strabismus)Eyes that point in different directions; common in children and treatable, and can also affect adults.Retinopathy of prematurityAbnormal blood vessel growth in premature babies' retinas; screened and treated to prevent vision loss.RetinoblastomaA rare childhood eye cancer; a white pupil reflex in photos or a squint needs urgent specialist assessment.Blocked tear ductTears cannot drain properly, causing a watery or sticky eye; common in babies and adults.NystagmusInvoluntary, repetitive eye movements that can affect vision; managed with support and treating any cause.Droopy eyelid (ptosis)An upper eyelid that droops over the eye; usually age-related and treatable, but a sudden droop needs checking.

Frequently asked questions

What is leukocoria and why is it urgent?

Leukocoria is a white or pale pupil reflex, often seen in flash photos. It can be a sign of retinoblastoma or other serious problems and needs urgent paediatric eye assessment — do not wait.

Do blocked tear ducts in babies need surgery?

Most open on their own within the first year. Persistent watering, frequent infections, or a red swollen eye need review.

When should a child's squint be checked?

Any new squint, especially with a white pupil reflex or vision change, should be assessed promptly to protect sight and rule out serious causes.

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