Viral conjunctivitis

What it is

Viral conjunctivitis is inflammation of the eye surface caused by viruses — commonly adenovirus. Outbreaks occur in families, schools and workplaces. It is highly contagious before symptoms peak and while the eye is red and watering.

Symptoms

Often starts in one eye and spreads to the other within days.

• Watery redness and mild burning
• Gritty or foreign-body sensation
• Swollen lids and watery discharge
• Sometimes tender lymph node in front of the ear
• Recent cold, sore throat or runny nose

Contagion and hygiene

Viruses survive on hands and surfaces.

• Wash hands frequently and avoid touching eyes
• Do not share towels, pillows or eye makeup
• Discard tissues promptly
• Stay home from work or school if policy requires while actively contagious
• Clean glasses and phone screens regularly

Treatment

There is no routine antiviral drop for common adenoviral pink eye in otherwise healthy people. Cool compresses and lubricating drops soothe symptoms. Avoid steroid drops unless prescribed — they can prolong certain viral infections. Artificial tears reduce discomfort; discard bottles after recovery to avoid reinfection.

Complications to watch for

Most viral conjunctivitis is mild. Rarely adenovirus causes keratitis — corneal spots that blur vision or cause long-lasting glare. Contact-lens wearers have higher corneal risk. Report foggy vision, persistent pain or light sensitivity after the first week.

Viral versus bacterial versus allergy

Viral: watery, follows cold, very contagious. Bacterial: thick pus, lids glued. Allergy: dominant itch, both eyes, hay fever. Any significant pain, reduced vision or contact-lens use needs professional assessment — not all red eyes are simple viral conjunctivitis.